Teti was the first pharaoh in ancient Egypt's Sixth Dynasty

 

 Teti was the first pharaoh in ancient Egypt's Sixth Dynasty. He is less commonly known as Othoes. From evidence gathered by the historians from various sources, it is believed that Teti reigned for 12 years. It is also said that Teti married Iput, the daughter of Unas. Unas was the last King of the 5th dynasty and preceded Teti. Apart from Iput, Teti had several other wives, and the names of different queens are mentioned in different places.

Teti

 Teti was the first pharaoh in ancient Egypt's Sixth Dynasty. He is less commonly known as Othoes. From evidence gathered by the historians from various sources, it is believed that Teti reigned for 12 years. It is also said that Teti married Iput, the daughter of Unas. Unas was the last King of the 5th dynasty and preceded Teti. Apart from Iput, Teti had several other wives, and the names of different queens are mentioned in different places.

 

There is a close resemblance between Teti and his predecessor Unas in many ways. However, the plan of Teti's pyramid was to some extent new and innovative.



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Shepseskaf was the last king of the Fourth Dynasty of the Egyptian Old Kingdom.

Shepseskaf

Shepseskaf was the last king of the Fourth Dynasty of the Egyptian Old Kingdom. He succeeded his father, Pharaoh Menkaure, most likely in 2510 B.C. He only ruled Egypt for 6 to 8 years and there is little known about his reign, except that he completed the Pyramid of Menkaure, started by his father. He was most likely succeeded by Userkaf, but according to some ancient Egyptian documents, Shepseskaf was succeeded by Djedefptah, who might have been his son, but this theory is not supported by any archeological evidence discovered so far. The tomb of Shepseskaf is located in a mastaba, constructed at South Saqqara and this tomb is called ‘Mastabet el-Fara'un’, which meant ‘stone bench of the Pharaoh’.



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Menkaure fifth king in the line of the Fourth Dynasty, in the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt.

Menkaure

Menkaure was the fifth king in the line of the Fourth Dynasty, in the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt. According to archeological evidence, he ascended the throne after the death of his father Khafre in 2530 B.C. His name was also spelled as ‘Menkaura’ in the ancient Egyptian dialect. According to the historian Manetho, Menkaure succeeded a king called Bikheris. He ruled Egypt for roughly 18 or 22 years, as indicated by the historical evidence that was discovered so far about him. Menkaure was succeeded by his younger son, Shepseskaf.
As a pharaoh, Menkaure is remembered for his kindness and religiosity, unlike his father Khafre and grandfather Khufu. In modern history, he is particularly famous for the construction of his own tomb at the Giza necropolis, which is now universally known as the ‘Pyramid of Menkaure’. Menkaure most likely died in 2500 B.C. according to the writings found in his tomb.

Menkaure

In the Egyptian language, the Pyramid of Menkaure was known as ‘Netjer-er-Menkaure’, or ‘Menkaure is divine’. The vast foundation base of this pyramid was built of limestone and measured 108.5 meters in length. This pyramid is the smallest among the three pyramids excavated in Giza necropolis, with a height of only 65.5 meters. Apart from the main pyramid, this complex has three smaller pyramids, two of which were left incomplete for an unknown reason. Among these three pyramids, the largest and the fully completed one houses a statue of a Queen.

His wife, Queen Khamerernebty II was also probably buried in any of these three pyramids. The mortuary temple of the main pyramid of Menkaure holds 3 statues of the Pharaoh and Queen Khamerernebty II with an Egyptian Goddess, built of pink granite. The burial chamber of this main pyramid lies to the west of its mortuary temple, where the large stone sarcophagus is found, which is totally made of basalt and bears hieroglyphic writings and decorations like a palace facade. The valley temple of this pyramid was made of bricks and housed several statues of Menkaure and his wives along with several Egyptian deities.



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Djoser or known as Huni e last king of the Third Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt.

Huni

Huni is known to be an Egyptian Pharaoh, who is believed to be the last king of the Third Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt. Historians believe he most likely succeeded Pharaoh Khaba to the throne. According to the Turin King List, he ruled Egypt for 24 years. However, there's nothing currently known about any military or other significant activity during his long reign. Sneferu, the famous Pharaoh and the founder of the Fourth Dynasty, succeeded Huni in 2600 B.C. His Hellenized name is not yet known, as the Greek historian Manetho probably had not mentioned Huni in his records. But according to the local Egyptian history, Huni was quite a popular name, in spite of the discovery of very few artifacts bearing his name.

Evidence Of Huni's Existence

Most of the documents or relics discovered are not directly connected to his name. But a conical stele (stone slab) excavated from Elephantine is a definite proof of Huni’s importance in Egyptian history; this 160 cm long and 50 cm wide stele was made of red granite and greatly resembled the typical Benben style of the ancient Egyptians. This front part of this stele bears an inscription about a royal palace named “Palace of the headband of Huni” in ancient Egyptian language; and also the name of the Pharaoh distinctly written over this stele. Now this one was discovered in 1909 and is now preserved in Cairo Museum as the Object JE 41556.

The second piece of concrete evidence of Huni is a polished stone bowl, discovered in 2007, from the Mastaba tomb AS -54 in South Abusir, which was probably built for the burial of any senior court official of the Pharaoh. This stone bowl is made of magnesite and the name of Huni is inscribed on it, without any cartouche, but with the title of ‘Njswt-Bity’.

Another proof of Huni’s reign is found at mastaba L-6 at Saqqara, dedicated to Metjen, an Egyptian official who belonged at the end of the Third Dynasty, i.e. at the court of Pharaoh Huni. An inscription is excavated here, which bears the name of Huni in hieroglyphics, that read as Njswt-Hw.

A Prisse papyrus of 13th century, containing the Instructions of Kagemni in its last 2 pages bears the details about the succession of Pharaoh Huni, by Sneferu as the next king of Egypt.

Huni's Successor: Sneferu

Though it is established that Sneferu was the successor of Huni, the relationship between them is yet known from any evidence. Queen Meresankh I was stated to be the mother of Sneferu, as per the documents of that time, but still, there is no evidence about her relationship with Huni, either as a wife or a daughter. According to the inscription found at Elephantine, Queen Djefatnebty was definitely the wife of Huni. But there is nothing mentioned about the children or other relatives of this Egyptian king.

According to some modern Egyptologists, Hetepheres I, the mother of Pharaoh Khufu was the daughter of Huni; as some inscriptions mentioned her with the title of ‘Sat-netjer’, which means ‘the daughter of a God’, that probably indicates to her royal lineage and blood relation with Huni.


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Dynasty IV: Sneferu Becomes Pharaoh of Egypt

Although there were originally different opinions regarding the period of Sneferu's reign, it is now accepted that he ruled Egypt for 24 years, from 2613 B.C. to 2589 B.C, as mentioned in The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. He is credited with building three pyramids, which are still intact and exhibit a new form of architectural design introduced by this king.

Sneferu ascended the throne of Egypt after the death of his predecessor Huni, as mentioned by the ancient Greek historian Manetho in his records. Sneferu was succeeded by his son Khufu, who is famous for the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Sneferu is known to have been a kind and efficient ruler, who was remembered for many generations after his time because he did his best for his countrymen. His reign was also marked by the military raids to Nubia and Libya, where he imprisoned numerous people to use them as a slave labor force at his pyramid sites. Sneferu was also known to have constructed the first Egyptian ship, which was named ‘Praise of the Two Lands.' He had it built with cedar wood that he most likely imported from Lebanon.

Even though Sneferu succeeded Huni, it is yet not proven that he was the son of his predecessor. But Sneferu's mother’s name was Meresankh I, as per the inscription stated on the Cairo Annals Stone. His chief wife was Queen Hetepheres I, who was also the mother of Khufu. According to various historical records, Sneferu had 8 sons: Khufu, Ankhhaf, Kanefer, Nefermaat I, Netjeraperef, Rahotep, Ranefer and Iynefer I. As per the inscriptions, he also fathered 5 daughters: Hetepheres A, Nefertkau I, Nefertnesu, Meritites I and Henutsen.
 Among his sons, Khufu succeeded him to the throne; while Nefermaat I and Kanefer served as vizier or minister under their father. Kanefer continued to work as vizier for his brother Khufu; whereas Nefermaat I then became the priest in the Egyptian temple of Goddess Bastet. Ankhhaf also served as vizier under his nephew and the next Pharaoh Khafre. Rahotep worked as the High Priest in the temple of Sun god Ra, in Heliopolis.



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aegyptus dynasties

Dynasty

	Seat	Period of rule			Rulers
		Start	End	Term	First to rule	Last to rule	List
Early Dynastic Period
Dynasty I	Thinis	3100 BCE	2900 BCE	200 years	Narmer	Qa'a	(list)
Dynasty II	Thinis	2890 BCE	2686 BCE	204 years	Hotepsekhemwy	Khasekhemwy	(list)
Old Kingdom
Dynasty III	Memphis	2686 BCE	2613 BCE	73 years	Djoser	Huni	(list)
Dynasty IV	Memphis	2613 BCE	2494 BCE	119 years	Sneferu	Shepseskaf or Thamphthis[a]	(list)
Dynasty V	Memphis	2494 BCE	2345 BCE	149 years	Userkaf	Unas	(list)
Dynasty VI	Memphis	2345 BCE	2181 BCE	164 years	Teti	Merenre Nemtyemsaf II or Netjerkare Siptah[b] or Nitocris[c]	(list)
First Intermediate Period
Dynasty VII[d]	Memphis[1]:396	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	(list)
Dynasty VIII	Memphis[1]:396	2181 BCE	2160 BCE	21 years	Netjerkare Siptah[b] or Menkare	Neferirkare II	(list)
Dynasty IX	Heracleopolis Magna	2160 BCE	2130 BCE	30 years	Meryibre Khety[e]	Unknown	(list)
Dynasty X	Heracleopolis Magna	2130 BCE	2040 BCE	90 years	Meryhathor	Unknown	(list)
Middle Kingdom
Dynasty XI[f]	Thebes	2130 BCE	1991 BCE	139 years	Intef	Mentuhotep IV	(list)
Dynasty XII	Itjtawy	1991 BCE	1802 BCE	189 years	Amenemhat I	Sobekneferu	(list)
Dynasty XIII[g]	Itjtawy	1803 BCE	1649 BCE	154 years	Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep	Unknown	(list)
Second Intermediate Period
Dynasty XIV	Avaris	1725 BCE	1650 BCE	75 years	Yakbim Sekhaenre[h]	Unknown	(list)
Dynasty XV	Avaris	1650 BCE	1550 BCE	100 years	Salitis	Khamudi	(list)
Abydos dynasty[i]	Abydos	1650 BCE	1600 BCE	50 years	Unknown	Unknown	(list)
Dynasty XVI	Thebes or Avaris	1649 BCE	1582 BCE	67 years	Anat-her	Unknown	(list)
Dynasty XVII	Thebes	1580 BCE	1550 BCE	30 years	Rahotep	Kamose	(list)
New Kingdom
Dynasty XVIII	Thebes and Amarna	1550 BCE	1292 BCE	258 years	Ahmose I	Horemheb	(list)
Dynasty XIX	Thebes and Memphis and Pi-Ramesses	1292 BCE	1189 BCE	103 years	Ramesses I	Twosret	(list)
Dynasty XX	Pi-Ramesses	1189 BCE	1077 BCE	112 years	Setnakhte	Ramesses XI	(list)
Third Intermediate Period
Dynasty XXI	Tanis	1069 BCE	943 BCE	126 years	Smendes	Psusennes II	(list)
Dynasty XXII	Bubastis	943 BCE	720 BCE	223 years	Shoshenq I	Osorkon IV	(list)
Dynasty XXIII	Heracleopolis Magna or Hermopolis or Thebes	837 BCE	728 BCE	109 years	Harsiese A	Rudamun	(list)
Dynasty XXIV	Sais	732 BCE	720 BCE	12 years	Tefnakht	Bakenranef	(list)
Dynasty XXV (Nubian)	Memphis	744 BCE	656 BCE	88 years	Piye	Tantamani	(list)
Late Period
Dynasty XXVI	Sais	664 BCE	525 BCE	139 years	Psamtik I	Psamtik III	(list)
Dynasty XXVII (Persian)	Babylon	525 BCE	404 BCE	121 years	Cambyses II	Darius II	(list)
Dynasty XXVIII	Sais	404 BCE	398 BCE	6 years	Amyrtaeus	Amyrtaeus	(list)
Dynasty XXIX	Mendes	398 BCE	380 BCE	18 years	Nepherites I	Nepherites II	(list)
Dynasty XXX	Sebennytos	380 BCE	343 BCE	37 years	Nectanebo I	Nectanebo II	(list
Dynasty XXXI (Persian)	Babylon	343 BCE	332 BCE	11 years	Artaxerxes III	Darius III	(list)
Greco–Roman Period
Argead dynasty (Greek)	Alexandria	332 BCE	309 BCE	23 years	Alexander III of Macedon	Alexander IV of Macedon	(list)
Ptolemaic dynasty (Greek)	Alexandria	305 BCE	30 BCE	275 years	Ptolemy I Soter	Caesarion	(list)
Egypt was incorporated into the Roman Empire in 30 BCE. (see Roman Egypt and List of Roman dynasties)

rho images

 

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