Queen Mereneith rose to the throne after King Den during the middle of the first dynasty.

Queen Mereneith

Queen Mereneith rose to the throne after King Den during the middle of the first dynasty. Mereneith meant the beloved of Neith; she is believed to be the first female ruler in Egypt. But, whether she reigned individually or along with her husband is still uncertain. The queen is referred to as the king’s mother on a seal impression from the reign of Den.



Queen Mereneith is believed to have two burial sites, the first tomb was found at Saqqara where artifacts naming Seshemka, a high court official, were found. The second tomb was at Abydos in the royal complex along with the many kings of that dynasty. The second tomb at Saqqara portrayed an early fusion of Northern and Southern styles which led to the development of the stepped pyramid complex. The tomb also contained stone vessel and seals impressions that bore her name confirming her status as a queen; also, a stela containing her name in archaic form was found. The stela also bore the crossed arrow of the ancient Egyptian goddess Neith.

Queen Mereneith is believed to have been the daughter of Djer and was the wife of Djet who died after a short reign, but not much information remains of her. Her name in the famous Palermo Stone that states the list of kings of early Egypt, confirming her status as a queen or pharaoh of Egypt.

Controversy

Mereneith's name isn't inscribed on a serekh, as the names of other kings, even though she is believed to have been a pharaoh. This somehow signifies that she must have been a regent who ruled on the part of her infant son Den. Her rule as a regent explains the long reign of Den who celebrated two Heb-Sed jubilees, which is only possible when he was considered a ruler as soon as his father died.

However, in the list of kings who ruled Egypt during the new kingdom, the name of Mereneith is missing and her son Den was considered the actual ruler. The name Mereneith meanwhile meant the beloved of Neith, who was an ancient Egyptian goddess, popularly known.





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The Nineteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX

Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt

The Nineteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX)^[1] was one of the periods of the Egyptian New Kingdom. Founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne, this dynasty is best known for its military conquests in Canaan.
The warrior kings of the early 18th Dynasty had encountered only little resistance from neighbouring kingdoms, allowing them to expand their realm of influence easily. The situation had changed radically towards the end of the 18th Dynasty. The Hittites gradually extended their influence into Syria and Canaan to become a major power in international politics, a power that both Seti I and his son Ramesses II would need to deal with.






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Queen Nitocris' Reign in Dynasty IV

Queen Nitocris' Reign in  Dynasty IV

 
Queen Nitocris reigned from 2148-44 BC and was succeeded by Pepi II. Queen Nitocris became pharaoh after much dispute when there was no male heir to ascend the throne. She is most remembered in Egyptian history as the bravest and most beautiful women of her time. No structures were commissioned by her and she is left unmentioned in many Egyptian records. Again, her reign is believed to have been short and it lasted less than three years.

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Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten)

 

Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten)

Akhenaton, often called Amenhotep I, was a famous pharaoh. Repeatedly, many rulers tried time and again to remove him from the throne. When he started his reign, he was named as Amenhotep IV which means Amun is satisfied. He was the son of Amenhotep III who inherited a peaceful and prosperous nation. He began his reign normally, but early years of his reign showed that the pharaoh went against conventional rules. During his first year as a king, he constructed a temple dedicated to Aten at Karnak at the perimeters of the Temple of Amun. In the third year of his reign, he celebrated the Sed festival and took an unconventional step.



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Sahure was the second king of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom in ancient Egypt

 

Sahure

Sahure was the second king of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom in ancient Egypt. He ascended the throne after Pharaoh Userkaf, most probably for being his son. Sahure's reign lasted only 12 years during the early phase of the 25th century B.C., but this short period significantly impacted Egypt's political, cultural and financial developments. Sahure was succeeded by his son Neferirkare Kakai, as per the records of the Turin Canon or King List of ancient Egypt. The name of Sahure literally means ‘He who is close by Ra’, indicating his faith in the Egyptian Sun-God Ra. Sahure's burial tomb is in the Pyramid of Sahure, which he built himself, which is in Abusir. He was also known to have constructed a Sun Temple called “The Field of Ra," but this building has not yet been located.

Sahure

Sahure was the second king of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom in ancient Egypt. He ascended the throne after Pharaoh Userkaf, most probably for being his son. Sahure's reign lasted only 12 years during the early phase of the 25th century B.C., but this short period significantly impacted Egypt's political, cultural and financial developments. Sahure was succeeded by his son Neferirkare Kakai, as per the records of the Turin Canon or King List of ancient Egypt. The name of Sahure literally means ‘He who is close by Ra’, indicating his faith in the Egyptian Sun-God Ra. Sahure's burial tomb is in the Pyramid of Sahure, which he built himself, which is in Abusir. He was also known to have constructed a Sun Temple called “The Field of Ra," but this building has not yet been located.


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Pepi I quitey reigned during the 6th dynasty of ancient Egypt

 

Pepi I

 Pepi I quite likely reigned during the 6th dynasty of ancient Egypt. This reign saw the spread and growing prominence of trade and conquest. In addition, Upper Egypt's provincical regions were also on the rise. In reality, the king can be said to be the real founder of the 6th dynasty, even if, Teti was the official founder. He actively initiated a policy of intensive penetration in different parts of Nubia. There are even records of his journeys in the early half of his reign. Throughout his reign, he had several marked achievements.

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Mentuhotep II founder of the Middle Kingdom of egypt

Mentuhotep II

Mentuhotep II was a member of the royal family of Egypt who reunited Egypt at the end of the First Intermediate period. He was also the founder of the Middle Kingdom. During Mentuhotep II's reign, he built an innovative mortuary that included a terraced temple having porticoes that were set against the desert cliffs at Western Thebes. The decorations included scenes that were extravagantly carved in brilliant colors. In a detailed relief the pharaoh was shown wearing a white crown of Upper Egypt, a broad collar decorated with blue and green beads and a false beard attached through a strap to the jawline. The name Mentuhotep was found in an oval-shaped cartouche, while his Horus name was Semataway which means "Unifier Of The Two Lands."

 Mentuhotep II is considered to be one of the greatest kings Egypt has ever seen and this was discovered through his mortuary temple which had continued to be used for paying home to him up until the 19th dynasty, which is around 700 years after his death. The temple was eventually destroyed by an earthquake and was partially buried under the cliffs through debris.

About Mentuhotep II's Family

Mentuhotep II's Territory

The territory of Mentuhotep II extended from the First Cataract to Asyut. He was successful in uniting Upper and Lower Egypt and his reign is believed to have been quiet and unassuming until around the fourteenth year of his rule. That changed everything and is described as the year of the crime of Thinis. It seems that Khety during this time regained control of Abydos and Mnetuhotep II responded to this by starting an offensive which led to his controlling Abydos, Asyut, and Heracleopolis.

Mentuhotep II is known to have constructed many temples and shrines throughout Egypt. Most of his building work was in Upper Egypt. He was very fond of Montu and was thus involved in building temples in the honor of Armant, Tod, and Medamud. The greatest monument built by him was a mortuary temple near the west bank near Thebes. The tomb constructed by him was beautiful and he even permitted his senior officials to construct their tombs close to his.



Mentuhotep II is said to have been the son of Intef III and Iah. A relief found at the Wadi near Gebel el Silsila shows a colossal figure of the king and the three smaller figures are believed to be of his mother. Another masonry block depicts Mentuhotep II towering over three kings.
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